Hello, I've seen some odd behavior with using -r that I cannot see documented. Twos input are a png images (just pure white in this example), another is a 30fps mp4. The output is set to 30fps using the "-r" option. ffmpeg -y -loop 1 -i background.png -i source.numbered.mp4 -loop 1 -i background.png -filter_complex_script filtergraph -r 30.0 -colorspace bt709 -color_trc bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_range tv r_before_output.mp4 This results in a 30fps video but frames are dropped from the video source, resulting in duplicates in the final output. A "fix" seems to be to specify the frame rate of the first image input, and not of the output at all. Like so: ffmpeg -y -loop 1 -r 30 -i background.png -i source.numbered.mp4 -loop 1 -i background.png -filter_complex_script filtergraph -colorspace bt709 -color_trc bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_range tv r_before_first_input.mp4 This also results in a 30fps output with all frames present but seems counter intuitive to put the frame rate on an image input. I wasn't able to find documentation on this behavior. Is someone able to explain how this is working internally? And whether or not this "fix" is actually reliable or just a lucky coincidence? Thanks, Peter Full console output from the commands listed above: $ cat filtergraph [1]drawtext=fontfile=Arial.ttf: text='start %{frame_num}': start_number=1: x=10: y=h-(2*lh): fontcolor=black: fontsize=20: box=1: boxcolor=white: boxborderw=5[trimmed1]; [trimmed1]scale=out_color_matrix=bt709[vcolored1]; [vcolored1]drawtext=fontfile=Arial.ttf: text='beforeloop %{frame_num}': start_number=1: x=400: y=h-(2*lh): fontcolor=black: fontsize=20: box=1: boxcolor=white: boxborderw=5[vlooped1]; [vlooped1]format=pix_fmts=rgba,pad=w=max(1280.000000\,0.000000+iw)-min(0\,0.000000):h=max(720.000000\,0.000000+ih)-min(0\,0.000000):x=max(0\,0.000000):y=max(0\,0.000000):color=black@0.0 ,crop=w=1280:h=720:x=0+abs(min(0\,0.000000)):y=0+abs(min(0\,0.000000)):w=1280:h=720:x=0+abs(min(0\,0.000000)):y=0+abs(min(0\,0.000000))[tx1]; [tx1]drawtext=fontfile=Arial.ttf: text='before blend %{frame_num}': start_number=1: x=700: y=h-(2*lh): fontcolor=black: fontsize=20: box=1: boxcolor=white: boxborderw=5[txx1]; [txx1][2]blend=c3_mode=multiply:shortest=1[o1]; [0][o1]overlay=x=0.0:y=0.0:shortest=1[stacked]; [stacked]drawtext=fontfile=Arial.ttf: text='end %{frame_num}': start_number=1: x=1000: y=h-(2*lh): fontcolor=black: fontsize=20: box=1: boxcolor=white: boxborderw=5[cropped]; [cropped]null $ ffmpeg -y -loop 1 -i background.png -i source.numbered.mp4 -loop 1 -i background.png -filter_complex_script filtergraph -r 30.0 -colorspace bt709 -color_trc bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_range tv r_before_output.mp4 ffmpeg version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers built with Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17) configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/4.2.2_2 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --enable-avresample --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags= --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libbluray --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-videotoolbox --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack libavutil 56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100 libavcodec 58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100 libavformat 58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100 libavdevice 58. 8.100 / 58. 8.100 libavfilter 7. 57.100 / 7. 57.100 libavresample 4. 0. 0 / 4. 0. 0 libswscale 5. 5.100 / 5. 5.100 libswresample 3. 5.100 / 3. 5.100 libpostproc 55. 5.100 / 55. 5.100 Input #0, png_pipe, from 'background.png': Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A Stream #0:0: Video: png, monob(pc), 1280x720, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Input #1, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'source.numbered.mp4': Metadata: major_brand : isom minor_version : 512 compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41 encoder : Lavf58.29.100 Duration: 00:00:05.07, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 4043 kb/s Stream #1:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1280x720, 4039 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 60 tbc (default) Metadata: handler_name : L-SMASH Video Handler Input #2, png_pipe, from 'background.png': Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A Stream #2:0: Video: png, monob(pc), 1280x720, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc [Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x7fdc88500000] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_2 @ 0x7fdca850bc80] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_6 @ 0x7fdc8840cb00] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_9 @ 0x7fdca8425e40] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 (png) -> overlay:main Stream #1:0 (h264) -> drawtext Stream #2:0 (png) -> blend:bottom null -> Stream #0:0 (libx264) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help [Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x7fdc58400d00] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_2 @ 0x7fdc89805400] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_6 @ 0x7fdca8711e80] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_9 @ 0x7fdca8588680] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [swscaler @ 0x7fdcb0440000] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2 [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] profile High, level 3.1 [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=22 lookahead_threads=3 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to 'r_before_output.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf58.29.100 Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuvj420p(pc, bt709), 1280x720, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc (default) Metadata: encoder : Lavc58.54.100 libx264 Side data: cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1 frame= 151 fps= 72 q=-1.0 Lsize= 2149kB time=00:00:04.93 bitrate=3568.7kbits/s dup=25 drop=0 speed=2.37x video:2147kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.122016% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] frame I:1 Avg QP:25.04 size:162815 [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] frame P:50 Avg QP:25.26 size: 22169 [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] frame B:100 Avg QP:30.86 size: 9261 [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] consecutive B-frames: 0.7% 33.1% 0.0% 66.2% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] mb I I16..4: 4.1% 41.4% 54.6% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] mb P I16..4: 0.9% 14.9% 3.6% P16..4: 27.9% 6.1% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0% skip:42.2% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] mb B I16..4: 0.5% 7.0% 1.4% B16..8: 15.5% 4.1% 1.5% direct: 1.5% skip:68.5% L0:63.6% L1:32.2% BI: 4.1% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] 8x8 transform intra:75.8% inter:68.0% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 78.1% 84.0% 33.9% inter: 10.5% 15.9% 1.4% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] i16 v,h,dc,p: 22% 31% 4% 43% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 24% 13% 10% 8% 7% 10% 7% 12% 11% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 31% 18% 11% 7% 6% 8% 6% 8% 6% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] i8c dc,h,v,p: 42% 20% 26% 13% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] Weighted P-Frames: Y:2.0% UV:0.0% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] ref P L0: 52.5% 19.7% 16.6% 10.9% 0.3% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] ref B L0: 78.7% 18.5% 2.8% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] ref B L1: 99.8% 0.2% [libx264 @ 0x7fdca900ea00] kb/s:3492.52 $ ffmpeg -y -loop 1 -r 30 -i background.png -i source.numbered.mp4 -loop 1 -i background.png -filter_complex_script filtergraph -colorspace bt709 -color_trc bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_range tv r_before_first_input.mp4 ffmpeg version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers built with Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17) configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/4.2.2_2 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --enable-avresample --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags= --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libbluray --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-videotoolbox --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack libavutil 56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100 libavcodec 58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100 libavformat 58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100 libavdevice 58. 8.100 / 58. 8.100 libavfilter 7. 57.100 / 7. 57.100 libavresample 4. 0. 0 / 4. 0. 0 libswscale 5. 5.100 / 5. 5.100 libswresample 3. 5.100 / 3. 5.100 libpostproc 55. 5.100 / 55. 5.100 Input #0, png_pipe, from 'background.png': Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A Stream #0:0: Video: png, monob(pc), 1280x720, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Input #1, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'source.numbered.mp4': Metadata: major_brand : isom minor_version : 512 compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41 encoder : Lavf58.29.100 Duration: 00:00:05.07, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 4043 kb/s Stream #1:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1280x720, 4039 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 60 tbc (default) Metadata: handler_name : L-SMASH Video Handler Input #2, png_pipe, from 'background.png': Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A Stream #2:0: Video: png, monob(pc), 1280x720, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc [Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x7f9e48d24380] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_2 @ 0x7f9e48d27480] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_6 @ 0x7f9e28f01f80] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_9 @ 0x7f9e48d26380] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 (png) -> overlay:main Stream #1:0 (h264) -> drawtext Stream #2:0 (png) -> blend:bottom null -> Stream #0:0 (libx264) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help [Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x7f9e2b007080] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_2 @ 0x7f9e2b027a40] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_6 @ 0x7f9e2b012f40] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [Parsed_drawtext_9 @ 0x7f9e2b00df40] Using "/Library/Fonts/Verdana.ttf" [swscaler @ 0x7f9e40798000] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2 [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] profile High, level 3.1 [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=22 lookahead_threads=3 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to 'r_before_first_input.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf58.29.100 Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuvj420p(pc, bt709), 1280x720, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc (default) Metadata: encoder : Lavc58.54.100 libx264 Side data: cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1 frame= 152 fps= 70 q=-1.0 Lsize= 2369kB time=00:00:04.96 bitrate=3907.4kbits/s speed=2.29x video:2366kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.110847% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] frame I:1 Avg QP:24.90 size:164402 [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] frame P:38 Avg QP:25.46 size: 23113 [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] frame B:113 Avg QP:31.00 size: 12210 [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] consecutive B-frames: 0.7% 0.0% 2.0% 97.4% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] mb I I16..4: 3.6% 41.6% 54.8% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] mb P I16..4: 1.1% 15.6% 3.4% P16..4: 30.0% 6.2% 4.6% 0.0% 0.0% skip:39.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] mb B I16..4: 0.6% 9.0% 1.9% B16..8: 16.4% 5.6% 2.1% direct: 2.1% skip:62.4% L0:47.0% L1:48.1% BI: 4.9% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] 8x8 transform intra:76.4% inter:69.5% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 76.7% 82.6% 33.1% inter: 12.2% 17.1% 1.5% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] i16 v,h,dc,p: 24% 29% 4% 42% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 24% 13% 10% 8% 7% 10% 7% 12% 11% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 30% 18% 12% 7% 6% 8% 6% 8% 6% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] i8c dc,h,v,p: 42% 20% 25% 13% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] Weighted P-Frames: Y:2.6% UV:2.6% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] ref P L0: 47.7% 22.4% 19.5% 10.1% 0.4% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] ref B L0: 76.0% 17.6% 6.4% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] ref B L1: 89.8% 10.2% [libx264 @ 0x7f9e4900d800] kb/s:3824.97